Chronic Care Management Guide: How to Build a Successful CCM Program

Everything you need to know to launch, grow, and maintain a thriving CCM program.

by Emily Embry

Introduction: Chronic Care Management Takes Center Stage

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Did you know that more than 60% of Americans suffer from at least one chronic disease, with 40% of those battling two or more chronic diseases? For patients like these, chronic care management (CCM) can dramatically help them sustain better health for a longer period of time. Receiving coordinated chronic care services outside of a physician's office allows patients to engage and access the valuable, multi-disciplinary medical support and services that can positively impact their health while reducing the expenses and lag time associated with visiting multiple clinicians across multiple specialties more readily. Clinician and organization efficiency can also improve as this approach allows practitioners and their teams to provide excellent care while better ensuring they have time available for other care demands and needs.

CCM delivers even more benefits. Medicare and other large payers have embraced chronic care management. Such growing support has resulted in this emerging service delivery to quickly become an established healthcare model. With more than 67 million Americans enrolled in Medicare or Medicare Advantage plans, CCM is a viable new revenue stream for participating organizations. It's evident that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) views CCM as a service that provides significant value to patients and one that it has and will continue to support going forward.

If you are considering launching a CCM program or expanding an existing one, it's critical to understand some key principles. Be sure to consider the evolution of the care model, CMS guidelines for coding and billing, and best practices for getting started. We'll walk you through these points — and more — in this comprehensive guide.

Chapter 1: What is Chronic Care Management?

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Implementing a successful chronic care management program takes a clear understanding of Building a successful chronic care management program requires an understanding of key concepts; how CCM evolved, how it is coded and billed, and what foundational requirements CMS expects gives organizations the footing they need to launch and sustain a program that actually performs.

CCM was created to address a gap that clinicians had long identified: care teams were already managing patients with complex, ongoing conditions outside of scheduled office visits, but had no reliable mechanism for compensation. As that care shifted beyond the walls of a traditional practice setting, patients with persistent and complicated diseases began experiencing better health outcomes at lower cost. Greater access to appropriate medical resources, stronger communication with their care team, fewer emergency visits and hospital readmissions, and deeper engagement in their own health all became measurable benefits of that model.

 


 

What is Chronic Care Management: Key Concepts

CMS defines chronic care management as:

Care coordination services done outside of the regular office visit for patients with multiple chronic conditions expected to last at least 12 months or until the death of the patient, and that place the patient at significant risk of death, acute exacerbations / decompensation, or functional decline. These services are typically non-face-to-face and allow eligible practitioners to bill for at least 20 minutes or more of care coordination services per month.

In addition to chronic care management, common care management services include remote patient monitoring (RPM), principal care management (PCM), behavioral health integration (BHI), and advanced primary care management (APCM). (Learn definitions of other common CCM and preventive services terms in this glossary.)

To qualify for chronic care management participation, patients must be diagnosed with two or more covered chronic health conditions that are expected to last for at least 12 months or until the death of the patient.

Under CCM, the patient's care team can bill for time spent managing patients' conditions, usually via services provided outside of a typical office visit. These activities can include things like formulating a comprehensive care plan, interactive remote communication and virtual care management, medication management, and coordination of care between providers.

Since the provision of CCM falls under Medicare Part B, both original Medicare and Medicare Advantage plans reimburse practitioners when CCM services are provided to eligible beneficiaries. Other requirements must be met to code, bill, and get paid for CCM. Learn about these rules and more in this Chronic Care Management Coding and Billing Guide.

 


 

What is a CCM-Eligible Chronic Condition?

As stated, chronic health conditions that are expected to last for at least 12 months or the lifetime of the patient can typically qualify a patient for chronic care management — if the patient is managing two or more diseases. Importantly, Medicare criteria must be satisfied. There is no set list of what conditions qualify under the criteria, but some common examples include:

  • Alzheimer's disease

  • Arthritis

  • Asthma

  • Cancer

  • Dementia

  • Depression

  • Diabetes

  • Heart disease

  • Hyperlipidemia

  • Hypertension

  • HIV/AIDS

  • Parkinson’s disease



 

Overview of Non-Complex and Complex CCM

While we will take a deeper dive into coding and billing for chronic care management later in this guide, understanding some coding and billing fundamentals can help one better understand the concept of CCM. The chronic care management service period is one calendar month. This means that practitioners may choose to submit a claim at the conclusion of the service period or after completing the minimum required service time.

Let's examine the basic (i.e., "non-complex") chronic care management codes: CPT 99490 and CPT 99491. Both require that the enrolled patient receiving services has two or more chronic conditions that are expected to last at least 12 months or until death; the chronic condition must place the patient at significant risk of death, acute exacerbation/decompensation, or functional decline; and a comprehensive care plan must be established, implemented, revised, or monitored. Finally, patients must provide explicit consent to enroll them in a CCM program.

When Medicare created the CCM program, the maximum time allotment eligible for reimbursement was limited. To encourage practitioner participation in CCM, and in response to requests of fairer compensation, time allotments were expanded in 2020 and can be billed with other CCM codes. Complex CCM is for patients with two or more qualifying conditions who require more clinical staff and physician time. Complex CCM is billed under CPT 99487 and CPT 99489.

It's important to note that while physicians, certified nurse midwives, clinical nurse specialists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants may all bill for CCM services, only a single practitioner may receive reimbursement per patient for CCM services for a given calendar month. Additionally, this practitioner must only report either non-complex or complex CCM for a given patient for the month.

The 2026 Physician Fee Schedule final rule delivered a significant increase in reimbursement for some chronic disease management services and finalized the addition of new CPT codes. To learn more, watch this webinar, which outlines the final rule's most significant developments related to care management and telehealth.

To understand more about the evolution of CCM and its coverage, let's review the current landscape through a historical lens.

 


 

Growing Support for Chronic Care Management

The increase in reimbursement is just one way CMS has demonstrated its support for chronic condition management in recent years. The 2022 proposed rule identified several ways CMS has strived to support CCM in the past, including the 2014 ruling to finalize a unique payable HCPCS code for CCM, HCPCS GXXX1, and the 2015 adoption of separate payment for CCM services under CPT 99490.

CMS has continued to build on support for CCM reimbursement over the years in the following ways:

  1. For 2017, CMS adopted complex chronic care management (CCCM) CPT codes 99487 and 99489.

  2. In the 2019 Physician Fee Schedule final rule, CMS adopted new CCM CPT code 99491. This code reimburses physicians for performing 30 minutes of CCM care a month.

  3. In the 2020 final rule, CMS established payment for an add-on code to CPT code 99490 by creating HCPCS code G2058. CMS also created two new HCPCS G codes: G2064 and G2065.

  4. In the 2021 final rule, CMS finalized a replacement code for HCPCS code G2058: CPT 99439.

  5. In 2022, CMS added coverage for the following five new CPT codes: CPT 99437, CPT 99424, CPT 99425, CPT 99426, and CPT 99427.

  6. In 2025, CMS switched billing from G0511 to care management CPT Codes.
  7.  In 2026, CMS continues to refine reimbursement values through annual Physician Fee Schedule updates. Practices should review the most current rate tables, as reimbursement amounts are adjusted each year based on geographic pricing and work RVUs. 

To stay up to date with CMS updates to CCM subscribe to our blog and newsletter.


 


 

Chronic Care Management in Hypertension Management

To gain a better understanding of how chronic care management is benefiting patients, providers, and our healthcare system as a whole, let's look at how it's being used for one particularly common chronic disease.

  • Hypertension arises when blood pressure begins to rise on a consistent basis, and too much force starts pushing against fragile blood vessel walls. More Americans than ever before (in fact, more than 100 million) have often-silent chronic high blood pressure, which leads to serious secondary health issues, such as heart attacks, strokes, and even heart failure.

  • Of the Americans who have been diagnosed with hypertension, only about one-quarter have the condition under control. With the lack of obvious symptoms, hypertension is often taken and treated less seriously than it should be. Practitioners have long encouraged their patients to change this thinking and self-monitor hypertension symptoms from home.

  • While self-monitoring can be effective for some patients, having patients log readings and take prescription medicine doesn't always provide the direct oversight or support that many people need to stay on track with hypertension monitoring and management. Practitioners and their clinical teams also found themselves spending countless hours coaching their patients outside of normal office visits — up until recently, that time spent wasn't reimbursable by most payers or Medicare. That's where chronic care management for hypertension management comes in.

  • CCM provides a better method for practitioners to provide quality and supportive wraparound care for patients while also receiving fair compensation.

Earlier intervention and consistent management of hypertension through CCM leads to measurably better patient outcomes, fewer hospitalizations, and appropriate reimbursement for the care teams doing the work. Adoption, however, remains uneven. Practices that have built successful CCM programs share a common starting point: a clear understanding of the clinical value, the operational requirements, and the financial opportunity the model provides.


 

Key Takeaways: Understanding Chronic Care Management in 2026

  • Clinical Definition: chronic care management (CCM) consists of at least 20 minutes of non-face-to-face care coordination per month. This service supports patients with two or more chronic conditions expected to last 12 months or until death.

  • Patient Eligibility: Patients qualify by managing at least two chronic diseases that place them at significant risk of functional decline or acute exacerbation. Common examples include hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease.

  • Financial Sustainability: Medicare Part B and Medicare Advantage plans reimburse CCM services. The 2026 Physician Fee Schedule provides updated reimbursement rates based on geographic pricing and work RVUs.

  • Coding Differentiation: Practitioners distinguish between non-complex (CPT 99490, 99439, 99491) and complex (CPT 99487, 99489) CCM based on the clinical staff time and medical decision-making required.

  • The "Wraparound" Care Model: CCM functions as a bridge between office visits. It enables medication management, comprehensive care planning, and 24/7 access to care teams to prevent hospital readmissions.

  • The Hypertension Benchmark: With over 100 million Americans facing high blood pressure, CCM provides the necessary oversight to move beyond self-monitoring and into active, data-driven health management. 

Toolkit:

Chronic Care Management Toolkit

To help you scale your CCM program with confidence, we have compiled our most effective resources into one comprehensive toolkit.

Chapter 2: How to Build a Successful Chronic Care Management Foundation

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A successful CCM program is built on sound workflows, trained staff, and the right technology. But none of that infrastructure matters if patients don't understand what they're enrolling in or why it benefits them. Patient education is not a checkbox in the enrollment process. It is one of the most consequential factors in whether a program sustains itself or stalls.

Cost is often the first question patients ask, and it deserves a direct, honest answer. Patients with Medicare coverage will typically carry some out-of-pocket responsibility for CCM services, and addressing that upfront builds trust rather than eroding it. The following section covers what patients should understand about their financial participation in CCM and why, for most, the value of the care they receive far outweighs the cost.

 


 

Chronic Care Management Patient Costs: Justifying Their Investment

 For Medicare beneficiaries, CCM is covered under Medicare Part B and is subject to the beneficiary's annual deductible ($283 in 2026) and the 20% coinsurance. 

Participation in CCM will typically cost patients between $7 to $10 each month depending on geographic region once their deductible is met for the year.

 Out-of-pocket costs are a real consideration, but they rarely tell the whole financial story. For most patients, consistent chronic care management reduces the frequency of emergency visits, unplanned hospitalizations, and specialist referrals that carry far greater expense. When patients understand that CCM is more likely to reduce their overall healthcare spending than add to it, the conversation around cost shifts considerably.  

Getting patient buy-in for CCM depends on illustrating tangible reasons CCM is beneficial. Here are the five examples that you can share with patients.

  • Less money spent on hospital bills — If CCM can prevent the need for even just one hospitalization, it will easily justify the price tag. According to HealthCare.gov, the average cost of a 3-day hospital stay for all diagnoses in 2025 is estimated to be around $30,000.

  • More efficient management of medications and symptoms — With effective chronic care management, practitioners can pinpoint what medications work and eliminate potentially harmful and unnecessary drugs. Considering that Americans spend more on prescription drugs than anyone else in the world, this can represent significant savings. And with more dialed-in medications and more effective medication management comes better controlled symptoms.

  • Better access to the care team and other resources — Eliminating complex logistics that come with office visits, CCM reduces the likelihood that time-sensitive information will lag. Chronic care management also provides a direct link to the patient's care team, better ensuring that when a care or medication issue or question arises, the patient can receive the support and answers they need directly from a knowledgeable source.

  • Convenience and improved quality of life — A CCM program meets a patient where they are located. Patients can utilize telehealth services, such as remote patient monitoring, through secure platforms that provide current information about care and vitals. This level of coordination allows the healthcare team to make more informed decisions and prompts the patient to be more accountable while reducing the number of trips to the office and amount of time patients need to spend on the road. These clinical gains could easily prevent the need for emergency care and urgent care, and the additional high costs associated with such experiences.

  • Improved coordinated care —  A landmark study published in JAMA estimated that failures in care coordination cost the U.S. healthcare system between $27 billion and $78 billion annually, driven by unnecessary admissions, avoidable complications, and duplicated services. Effective CCM directly addresses this by creating a structured communication framework among care team members, reducing the fragmentation that leads to redundant labs, imaging, and procedures. 


 

Patient Education: Setting the Foundation for CCM Enrollment

Effective patient education is one of the most underinvested components of a CCM program. Patients who understand what CCM is, why they qualify, and what participation looks like are significantly more likely to enroll and stay engaged. Those who don't often decline consent or quietly disengage before the program has a chance to benefit them.

The goal of patient education is not to overwhelm patients with clinical detail. It is to give them enough clear, accessible information to feel confident saying yes.

Every patient education conversation, whether in person, over the phone, or through written materials, should cover the following:

What CCM is, in plain language. Patients don't need a regulatory definition. They need to understand that CCM means their care team is actively supporting them between office visits, and that this support is structured, consistent, and covered.

Whether they qualify. Many patients are unaware they have two or more conditions that make them eligible. Connecting their specific diagnoses to CCM eligibility makes the program feel relevant rather than abstract.

What participation actually requires. Address the time commitment honestly. CCM reduces the need for frequent in-person visits by giving patients access to their care team through remote and telehealth-supported touchpoints. For most patients, this is a convenience, not a burden.

What it costs. CCM is covered under Medicare and typically carries minimal out-of-pocket expense. Patients should be encouraged to speak with someone at your organization who can walk them through a personalized cost estimate. Transparency here builds trust and removes one of the most common barriers to enrollment.

Who is on their care team and what that team does. Patients respond well to understanding that CCM gives them a coordinated support network, not just a single point of contact. Knowing that multiple clinicians are communicating on their behalf reinforces the value of the program.

How CCM connects to their personal health goals. Generic benefits statements don't move patients. Specific, relevant connections between CCM services and a patient's own conditions and goals do. Use plain, direct language and, where your patient population requires it, provide materials in multiple languages.

How to get started. Remove ambiguity from the enrollment process. Tell patients exactly what the next step is, who to speak to, and what to expect. Anticipating common questions, such as whether they need to bring it up with their primary care provider or whether there is an onsite care coordinator, reduces friction at the point of enrollment.

Supporting these conversations with well-designed written materials reinforces what patients hear verbally and gives them something to reference after the visit. Prevounce provides clients with patient-facing CCM brochures designed to complement the enrollment conversation, available in both print and digital formats, so practices don't have to build those materials from scratch.

For organizations offering CCM as part of a broader virtual care management program, clear patient communication becomes even more important. This resource covers how to explain comprehensive care management to patients in a way that resonates.

Note: If your organization is leveraging CCM as part of a broader comprehensive care management — also known as "virtual care management" — program, this blog post provides some tips on how to explain comprehensive chronic care management to patients.


 

Chronic Care Management Companies: How to Choose the Right Software

The right chronic care management software can make or break a CCM program. It's that simple. And that's why due diligence is essential when researching your CCM software options. Let's look at some of the key qualities to consider when researching and eventually selecting CCM software so that you can make a wise decision.

  1. Security —  Healthcare cybersecurity is not a peripheral concern for CCM programs — it is a core operational requirement. The HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR) investigates all breaches of protected health information affecting 500 or more individuals, and its enforcement activity has grown steadily. The scale of recent incidents underscores what is at stake: the 2024 Change Healthcare ransomware attack, the largest healthcare breach in U.S. history, ultimately impacted approximately 192.7 million individuals — a single event that disrupted claims processing and care delivery across the country. When evaluating CCM software vendors, data security deserves the same scrutiny as clinical functionality. Review each platform's encryption standards, access controls, and breach notification protocols, and ask vendors directly about staff training and how they safeguard protected health information. The software you use to support patient care carries a legal and ethical responsibility to protect it. 

  2. Compliance and reporting — With Medicare and commercial payers, coding, billing, and reporting rules can change with little notice. Make sure your CCM vendor has established procedures to stay current with complianceRequirements CCM guidelines, including complying with HIPAA requirements. Look for a program that makes useful reports accessible and data reporting easy.

  3. Integration — To avoid redundancy, find out if the CCM software you're considering integrates with other software solutions, including whether it smoothly integrates with your EHR system. It should include clear dashboards to identify the current status of each patient and save you time, rather than adding duplicate tasks to your workflow.

  4. Automation — CCM software should promote efficiency. Look for solutions that automate these kinds of processes:

    1. Identifying CCM-eligible patients within your EHR

    2. Inputting patient data collected and transmitted via CCM technology directly into patient charts

    3. Streamlining billing through intuitive coding processes

  5. Patient churn management — The number of people with chronic conditions who are enrolled in Medicare is expected to balloon. The right chronic disease management software should help you identify these patients as they become eligible for your CCM program. Furthermore, the system should enable you to confirm and document when patients meet the qualifying requirements for CCM

As a valuable bonus, a good chronic care management software program can also support other care management services, such as remote patient monitoring — which is positioned to play a growing role in chronic condition management — and behavioral health integration.

Choosing the right chronic care management software to use and vendor to work with is crucial. Not only does software make the delivery CCM easier, but it also positively affects your return on investment. And the right vendor will collaborate with you to establish and grow your program, provide exceptional customer services, and help you maximize the value and return on investment of your technology purchase.

Of course, another factor that can directly impact your bottom line is your understanding and exception of chronic care management coding and billing.


 

Chapter 2 Key Takeaways: Building a Successful CCM Foundation

  • Patient Education is Mission-Critical: A successful CCM program depends on patients understanding the tangible benefits of enrollment. Programs that treat education as a "checkbox" often face high un-enrollment rates; those that prioritize it see sustained engagement.

  • Transparent Cost Conversations: In 2026, the Medicare Part B deductible is $283. Most patients encounter a monthly coinsurance of $7 to $10. Addressing these costs upfront prevents financial friction and establishes long-term trust.

  • The Value of the CCM Investment: CCM pays for itself by preventing high-cost acute events. For example, a single three-day hospital stay in 2025-2026 averages $30,000. CCM justifies its cost by reducing emergency visits and eliminating redundant specialist fees.

  • Effective Educational Tools: High-performing practices use multi-channel education, including plain-language brochures available in both print and digital formats. Key brochure elements include a simple CCM definition, clear eligibility criteria, and a direct "how to get started" roadmap.

  • Cybersecurity as a Clinical Requirement: Following the landmark 2024 Change Healthcare breach, data security is no longer a peripheral concern. Providers must verify that their CCM software utilizes advanced encryption and strict access controls to protect patient information.

  • Automation and Integration: Modern CCM software must integrate directly with the EHR to prevent administrative burnout. Essential features include automated eligibility identification, intuitive billing snapshots, and the ability to scale alongside other services like RPM and behavioral health integration.

Get the CCM Billing Guide

Our billing guide offers vital information on new CPT codes, billing flow, service requirements and reimbursement.

 

Billing Guide for Chronic Care Management

Chapter 3: Coding and Billing for Chronic Care Management

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The federal government has been increasingly supportive of care management programs. However, the OIG has closely scrutinized chronic care management reimbursement in the past. It's important to ensure that you appropriately and consistently follow the rules of CCM codes and CCM billing. Expect more auditing to investigate causes of overpayment associated with incorrect billing of the service (more about this later in the chapter). 

 


 

Rules for CPT 99490 and the Other Chronic Care Management Codes

Let's explore the most common and frequently used chronic care management CPT codes.

CPT 99490 and CPT 99491: Initial CCM Codes

We start our discussion about chronic care management coding and billing with the basic chronic care management CPT code, introduced in 2015, and its sister CPT code, which became effective in 2019. Together, these two CCM codes are sometimes referred to as the non-complex CCM codes.

CPT 99490

Chronic care management services, at least 20 minutes of clinical staff time directed by a physician or other qualified healthcare professional, per calendar month, with the following required elements:

  • Multiple (two or more) chronic conditions expected to last at least 12 months, or until the death of the   patient

  • Chronic conditions place the patient at significant risk of death, acute exacerbation/ decompensation, or functional decline

  • Comprehensive care plan established, implemented, revised, or monitored

CPT 99490 assumes 15 minutes of work by the billing practitioner each month.

CPT 99491

Chronic care management services, provided personally by a physician or other qualified healthcare professional, at least 30 minutes of physician or other qualified health care professional time, per calendar month, with the following required elements:

  • Multiple (two or more) chronic conditions expected to last at least 12 months, or until the death of the patient

  • Chronic conditions place the patient at significant risk of death, acute exacerbation/ decompensation, or functional decline

  • Comprehensive care plan established, implemented, revised, or monitored

Difference Between CPT 99490 and CPT 99491

The difference between CPT 99490 and CPT 99491 is subtle but significant. Under CPT 99490, clinical staff supervised by a physician or other qualified healthcare professional can perform CCM for billing purposes. CPT 99491, on the other hand, compensates physicians or other qualified healthcare professionals for time spent on CCM-related care and requires them to provide such care personally. CPT 99491 also requires a minimum of 30 minutes a month of CCM versus the 20 minutes required as per CPT 99490.

 


 

CPT 99439 and CPT 99437: CCM Add-On Codes

These are two CCM add-on codes: CPT 99439, which replaced HCPCS code G2058 in 2021, and CPT 99437, which was added in the 2022 Medicare Physician fee schedule final rule.

CPT 99439

Chronic care management services, each additional 20 minutes of clinical staff time directed by a physician or other qualified healthcare professional, per calendar month.

CCM Billing Rates Graphic_2026

When to Report CPT 99439

CMS established payment for HCPCS code G2058 in its 2020 physician fee schedule final rule and then decided one year later to replace G2058 with CPT 99439. This code can be reported no more than twice per patient per calendar month with CPT 99490 to capture additional care that exceeded the established 20-minute time allotments.

CPT 99437

Chronic care management services each additional 30 minutes by a physician or other qualified health care professional, per calendar month.

When to Report CPT 99437

As an add-on code for CPT 99491, it should only be billed for time spent beyond the initial 30 minutes spent providing services under 99491.

 


 

CPT 99487: Initial Complex CCM Code

Introduced in 2017 when the CCM benefit was expanded, this is a more complex CCM code. As we define in our glossary and noted earlier in this guide, complex CCM is intended for those patients with "two or more qualifying conditions who require more clinical staff and physician time" than non-complex CCM. In other words, these are patients who must also require moderate- to high-complexity medical decision-making. Let's look at the main CCM code.

CPT 99487

Complex chronic care management services, with the following required elements:

  • Multiple (two or more) chronic conditions expected to last at least 12 months, or until the death of the patient

  • Chronic conditions place the patient at significant risk of death, acute exacerbation/decompensation, or functional decline

  • Establishment or substantial revision of a comprehensive care plan

  • Moderate or high complexity medical decision making

  • 60 minutes of clinical staff time directed by a physician or other qualified healthcare professional, per calendar month


 

CPT 99489: Complex CCM Add-On Code

Now let's look at the add-on code to CPT 99487.

CPT 99489

Each additional 30 minutes of clinical staff time directed by a physician or other qualified health care professional, per calendar month (list separately in addition to code for primary procedure).

When to Report CPT 99489

As the end of the description for CPT 99489 suggests, this code should not be listed on its own. Rather, report in conjunction with CPT 99487 when a patient requires an additional 30 minutes of care in the month. This comes on top of the 60 minutes already covered under CPT 99487.

 


 

Table: CY 2026 Chronic Care Management CPT Codes

 

CPT Code

Service

Staff Type

Care Management Time

Billing Units/Month (Max)

Reimbursement

99490

CCM

Clinical

First 20 minutes

1

~$66

99439

CCM

Clinical

Each additional 20 additional

2

~$50

99491

CCM

Physician or qualified healthcare professional

At least 30 minutes

1

~$89

99437

CCM

Physician or qualified healthcare professional

Each additional 30

No limit

~$63

99487

Complex CCM

Clinical

First 30 minutes

1

~$144

99849

Complex CCM

Clinical

Each additional 30 minutes

No limit

~$78

 


Other Relevant Care Management Codes

 In addition to these chronic care management codes, there are complementary services that are often billed with CCM by organizations that have developed a comprehensive care management program. Three examples are remote physiological monitoring (sometimes referred to as remote patient monitoring or RPM), behavioral health integration (BHI) care management services, and, less frequently, principal care management (PCM). Read more about these codes here or reference this helpful CMS resource. 

A History of Federal Scrutiny: CCM Audits Past and Present

Federal oversight of chronic care management is not new, and recent developments suggest that scrutiny is intensifying, not fading.

The 2021 OIG Audit: A Defining Moment for CCM Compliance

In mid-2021, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) conducted one of the most comprehensive reviews of CCM billing to date, examining nearly 8 million claims submitted by physicians and more than 240,000 claims submitted by hospitals for non-complex and complex chronic care management services provided in 2017 and 2018.

The audit's findings were significant. OIG identified nearly $2 million in overpayments tied to approximately 50,000 claims, with beneficiary cost-sharing reaching up to $541,000. Notably, the agency attributed a portion of these errors to CMS lacking the claim system edits necessary to prevent and detect improper payments, a systemic issue, not just a provider one.

The OIG's recommendations from that audit set important precedents for the industry:

  • Medicare contractors were directed to recover identified overpayments within the allowable reopening period

  • Providers were instructed to refund up to approximately $541,000 in beneficiary cost-sharing

  • OIG invoked the 60-day rule, established under the Affordable Care Act, requiring providers to use reasonable diligence to proactively identify, report, and return overpayments within 60 days of identification

  • CMS was directed to implement claim system edits to prevent similar overpayments going forward

Renewed Federal Interest in 2026: The OIG's New CCM Work Plan Addition

The OIG has since added a new multi-year CCM audit to its Work Plan, this time focused specifically on whether patients billed for CCM services meet the program's foundational eligibility requirement: the presence of two or more chronic conditions.

This latest review will examine Medicare Part B payment patterns across several recent years and is expected to continue through the latter part of the decade. Taken together, the arc from the 2021 audit to today reflects a consistent federal posture: as Medicare spending on care management grows, so does the government's commitment to verifying that services are properly documented, clinically supported, and appropriately billed.

For providers, the lesson is clear. CCM compliance is not a one-time exercise. It requires ongoing attention to documentation quality, eligibility validation, and workflow consistency across clinical and billing teams.

What does this mean for practitioners? You'll need to step up your oversight of your chronic care management programs and better ensure you are coding and billing properly — or face potential violation penalties. Keeping your CCM program compliant is not difficult, but it requires you to be mindful of the requirements when you set up your clinical and administrative workflows. Choosing a CCM software provider that makes compliance a top priority is extra insurance during periods of increased scrutiny and change.


 

Chapter 3 Key Takeaways: Coding and Billing for Chronic Care Management

  • Initial CCM Coding Distinctions: Practitioners utilize CPT 99490 for at least 20 minutes of clinical staff time and CPT 99491 for at least 30 minutes of personal physician or qualified healthcare professional time. Both codes require the management of at least two chronic conditions expected to last 12 months or until death.

  • Strategic Use of Add-On Codes: capture additional care time beyond initial thresholds using CPT 99439 for staff-led services and CPT 99437 for provider-led services. These codes allow organizations to bill for increments of care that exceed the standard monthly allotments.

  • Complex CCM Requirements: Complex CCM (CPT 99487) addresses patients requiring moderate or high complexity medical decision making. This code requires 60 minutes of clinical staff time, with CPT 99489 available for each additional 30-minute increment of care provided.

  • Strict Billing Exclusivity: Only one practitioner receives reimbursement per patient for CCM services in any given calendar month. Furthermore, a practitioner must report either non-complex or complex CCM for a specific patient; both cannot be billed simultaneously for the same service period.

  • Heightened Audit Oversight: The OIG closely scrutinizes CCM reimbursement to investigate potential overpayment and incorrect billing. Consistent adherence to CMS rules and precise documentation are the primary defenses against federal auditing.

  • 2026 Reimbursement Growth: The 2026 Physician Fee Schedule final rule delivered a significant increase in reimbursement for chronic disease management services. Success requires a commitment to reviewing annual rate tables, as geographic pricing and work RVUs fluctuate yearly.

  • Comprehensive Care Plan Necessity: All CCM billing depends on the establishment, implementation, revision, or monitoring of a comprehensive care plan. This document serves as the clinical foundation for all non-face-to-face coordination services.

     

Additional Reading:

Rules for CPT 99490 and the Other Chronic Care Management Codes

See a breakdown of what's considered the most common and frequently used chronic care management CPT codes.

Chapter 4: How Do Practices Outsource Chronic Care Management Services?

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Outsourcing chronic care management can significantly streamline healthcare delivery, enhance patient satisfaction, and improve overall chronic care management outcomes. With healthcare systems continually seeking ways to reduce operational complexities, improve patient engagement, and maintain compliance, partnering with experienced remote care management providers is increasingly becoming a strategic necessity.

Benefits of Outsourcing Remote Care Management

Enhanced Patient Engagement and Adherence

Outsourced remote care management services often come with specialized expertise in patient engagement strategies. These providers leverage advanced CCM software and tailored communication tactics to ensure patients remain actively involved in their care. Improved engagement can lead to better medication adherence, consistent monitoring, and higher overall patient satisfaction.

Operational Cost Reduction

Managing chronic care internally involves significant operational overhead. Outsourcing these services can dramatically lower these costs by reducing the need for extensive in-house resources, such as staffing, training, and technology. Providers specializing in remote care management typically leverage economies of scale, translating into reduced expenses for healthcare organizations.

Access to Advanced Technology and Expertise

Remote care management companies specialize in integrating and utilizing sophisticated technology solutions. Partnering with these providers grants healthcare organizations immediate access to cutting-edge CCM platforms, automated workflows, and expert teams trained in efficient patient data management, reporting, and compliance. For example, Prevounce's comprehensive remote care management services streamline patient enrollment and ongoing management, seamlessly integrating with your existing systems.

Regulatory Compliance Assurance

Healthcare regulations, particularly those governing chronic care management, evolve continuously. By outsourcing, organizations gain assurance that compliance with complex regulatory frameworks, such as CMS guidelines is consistently maintained. 

How to Select the Right Outsourced Remote Chronic Care Management Provider

Evaluate Experience and Track Record

Ensure the outsourcing provider demonstrates a successful history in chronic care management and remote patient monitoring (RPM). Reviewing a vendor’s track record in providing outsourced care management services can give valuable insights into the effectiveness of potential partners. Explore specific patient success stories and client case studies to understand real-world outcomes and patient experiences.

Technology Compatibility and Integration

Choose a remote care management provider whose systems effortlessly integrate with your existing EHR and other digital tools. The goal is to enhance workflow efficiencies, not complicate them. Ensure compatibility in areas such as patient data synchronization, automated reporting, and streamlined communication processes.

Scalability and Flexibility

Your chosen provider should be capable of scaling services according to your organization's evolving needs. Look for providers offering customizable solutions and flexible staffing models, particularly important as your patient population expands or regulatory requirements shift.

Comprehensive and Transparent Reporting

Robust reporting capabilities are essential to managing CCM effectively. Select a provider who delivers transparent, easily accessible reports covering patient engagement metrics, health outcomes, compliance audits, and financial performance data. Comprehensive reporting will ensure your CCM efforts align with organizational objectives.

For more detailed insights into remote care management strategies and best practices, explore the Guide to Remote Care Management Services.

Final Thoughts on Outsourcing Chronic Care Management

Outsourcing CCM services can profoundly benefit healthcare organizations by optimizing operations, enhancing patient engagement, ensuring compliance, and providing access to advanced care management solutions. By partnering strategically, healthcare organizations can achieve better patient outcomes, greater operational efficiencies, and sustained financial performance, making outsourcing a wise investment in the future of patient-centric care.

 


 

Chapter 4 Key Takeaways: Strategic Outsourcing for CCM Success

  • Outsourcing as a Strategic Necessity: Partnering with experienced remote care management providers addresses the 2026 clinician burnout crisis and persistent workforce shortages. This approach allows healthcare organizations to scale their CCM programs rapidly without the administrative burden of hiring, training, or managing extensive in-house clinical teams.

  • Economic Efficiency and Advanced Technology: Specialized vendors leverage economies of scale to reduce operational overhead while providing immediate access to cutting-edge technology. These platforms offer AI-augmented workflows and automated reporting that improve medication adherence and patient engagement, often yielding a higher return on investment than internally managed programs.

  • Compliance and Integration Standards: Successful outsourcing depends on selecting a partner whose systems are integrated with existing electronic health records. Organizations prioritize vendors with a proven track record in regulatory compliance and transparent reporting to ensure all CCM activities remain audit-ready and aligned with the latest CMS health equity mandates. 

 

Why Now is the Time for Chronic Care Management

Chronic care management provides patients with ongoing wellness support, greater access to medical resources, and a reduced need for emergency care. Practitioners experience improved care coordination, higher patient satisfaction, and a reliable opportunity to boost revenue. CMS has affirmed its support for CCM as a long-term patient care strategy by expanding reimbursements. There has never been a better time to add or grow a chronic care management program.

The bottom line is clear: chronic care management provides streamlined wraparound care for patients and remains a vital driver of business health. Organizations take advantage of this growing opportunity by fostering collaboration between practice managers, practitioners, and clinical staff.

Scaling for Success in 2026

An effective CCM program requires a unified team to identify eligible beneficiaries and establish workflows that serve all stakeholders. Selecting an outsourced care management vendor streamlines these programs and reduces administrative burden. Organizations looking to expand should also investigate the launch of other care management programs, such as remote patient monitoring.

While the complex moving pieces of a CCM program appear difficult, the right partnership simplifies the process. Prevounce provides user-friendly solutions that automate the provision of chronic care management. These tools help build the necessary components of a CCM program while navigating common challenges. With the right software and vendor support, clinical teams keep their focus on delivering patient care and expanding their patient base.  

With the right CCM software and vendor to support your efforts, you can keep the focus on delivering patient care and expanding your patient base. If you'd like to learn more about how we are helping organizations nationwide deliver CCM services, reinforce compliance, and safeguard security, book a meeting here.

 

Frequently Asked Questions: Chronic Care Management (CCM) in 2026

1. What is the clinical definition of chronic care management?

Chronic care management (CCM) is a non-face-to-face service for patients with two or more chronic conditions expected to last 12 months or until death. It requires at least 20 minutes of care coordination per month. These services focus on comprehensive care planning and bridging the gap between office visits.

2. Which patients are eligible for CCM in 2026?

Patients qualify for CCM when they have two or more chronic conditions that place them at significant risk of death, acute exacerbation, or functional decline. Medicare Part B and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries are eligible. The conditions must be expected to persist for at least one year.

3. What are the 2026 CCM billing codes?

The primary billing codes include CPT 99490 for 20 minutes of staff time and CPT 99491 for 30 minutes of provider time. Complex CCM uses CPT 99487 for 60 minutes of staff time. Add-on codes like CPT 99439 and CPT 99437 allow for billing additional time increments.

4. What is the Medicare Part B deductible for CCM in 2026?

The 2026 Medicare Part B deductible is $283. Once patients meet this annual deductible, they are typically responsible for a 20% coinsurance for CCM services. This usually results in an out-of-pocket cost of $7 to $10 per month.

5. Can CCM and remote patient monitoring (RPM) be billed together?

Yes. CMS allows for the concurrent billing of CCM and remote patient monitoring (RPM) when both services are medically necessary. This combination is a core component of a comprehensive care management model. Practitioners must document separate, distinct times for each service to ensure compliance.

6. Did reimbursement increase for chronic care management in 2026?

The 2026 Physician Fee Schedule delivered a significant increase in reimbursement for CCM services to address rising clinical labor costs. National average rates for CPT 99490 now exceed $65. Rates for complex CCM have seen a proportional rise to encourage the management of high-acuity patients.

7. How does the 2026 Health Equity mandate affect CCM?

The 2026 mandates require providers to screen CCM patients for social determinants of health (SDOH). Programs must demonstrate how care coordination addresses barriers like transportation and food insecurity. This data is now a standard component of the comprehensive care plan.

8. Who is authorized to provide CCM services?

Physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and clinical nurse specialists are eligible to bill for CCM. While clinical staff typically perform the coordination under the direction of a provider, the billing practitioner maintains overall responsibility for the patient's care plan and outcomes.

9. Does chronic care management require specific software?

High-performing CCM programs utilize specialized software that integrates directly with the EHR. This technology automates eligibility tracking, logs time automatically, and secures patient data. Post-2024 security standards require advanced encryption to protect against increasing healthcare cyber threats.

10. Can multiple providers bill CCM for the same patient?

No. Only one practitioner or organization may receive reimbursement for CCM services for a single patient during a given calendar month. The patient provides explicit consent to one specific provider to lead their care coordination.

11. What specific elements belong in a CCM comprehensive care plan?

A comprehensive care plan serves as the electronic blueprint for all CCM activities. It contains a systematic assessment of the patient's physical and psychosocial needs, a detailed list of current medications, and specific health goals with expected outcomes. This living document facilitates coordination among all providers and ensures seamless management during transitions of care between different clinical settings. Regular monitoring and revisions ensure the plan remains aligned with the patient's evolving health status.

 

CPT Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. CPT® is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association. 

Download the CCM Billing Guide

Everything You Should Know About Coding and Billing for CCM

Download the CCM coding and billing guide to learn more about:

  • Practice, patient, and monthly CCM billing requirements 

  • Chronic care management coding guidelines

  • Coding and billing for behavioral health integration (BHI)

  • Coding and billing for principal care management (PCM)

 

Billing Guide for Chronic Care Management

 

Looking to optimize your Medicare annual wellness visit process?

Not only can Prevounce streamline your AWV, but we can also provide a practice-specific, single-source wellness solution that makes preventive and chronic care management easier to prep for, perform, document, and bill.

Our platform serves practices, practitioners, accountable care organizations (ACOs), and hospitals so that everyone can be compliant and get reimbursed.

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